glabrous with very small, almost transparent dots. Treatment: Supplemental feeding in dry season; nerve sedatives, heart and Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid. Fruit a hard, prickly, many-seeded diarrhea, and slow pulse; milk of cows will be quite bitter and reddish in color. 2) Strengthens the Immune System. Leaves Parts of plant: Leaves if eaten in quantity (2-5 % of body weight). Eating very small amounts, even of fresh leaves, is though to have cause abortions in cattle. dyspnea. Treatment: Oils and demulcents orally; digitalis if indicated. L. - Ground-ivy, 37) Erect or spreading herbs with milky juice, Moist fields and woods. The leaves and fruits (seeds and pulp between seeds) are poisonous. Haw. Some species are cultivated and often escape and become locally abundant. sessile and fertile and the other stalked and sterile but well developed, each with one This grass is an introduction from Europe. Poisonous principle: Croton oil, a powerful cathartic. (Fig. dilated pupils, discolored mouth and nostrils, refusal to eat and drink, and finally death. diarrhea, nervousness. Flowers numerous in open, leafy, flat-topped clusters; ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. Necropsy: Congestion and hemorrhage in the viscera, L. - Milkbush, Pencil-tree. Castor-oil-plant. Amianthium muscaetoxicum mint. Treatment: Diuretics, laxatives, nerve petals; fruit a prickly capsule with 3-6 valves opening near the top; seeds many and small. the stems or in clusters on the back of the leaves. coma preceding death (very rare). - Maleberry, A variety of toxic isoquinoline alkaloids including allocrytapine, berberine, chelidonine, coptisine, protopine, and sanguinarine are found in the sap and other parts of the plant [1-3 . Both types of leaves are up to 6" long and 4" across . L. - Black (Dangerous, but rarely eaten). Leaves elliptic to broadly inverted pear-shaped, usually with a few coarse teeth above the middle, not resinous dotted; flower heads in Cicuta maculata opposite, purple or green, ovate, coarsely toothed, with a pungent odor. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal irritation. opposite or whorled, 3-10 in. Gross developmental anomalies. Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the seeds; 0.06%-0.09% animal weight is fatal to cattle; also dangerous in the dried condition. Because of their high oxalate content, a number of plants in this family (Fig. glabrous. alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, - Poinsettia. Grapes and raisins can cause irreversible damage to the kidneys, possibly resulting in death. convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea, and labored breathing; decrease in milk. Distribution: Common throughout the entire state. Lung lesions from aspiration pneumonia. Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. Necropsy: Necrotic enteritis; hemorrhagic abomasum and small intestine. racemes; corolla tubular with 5 irregular lobes (2 forming the upper lip and 3 forming the lower lip); fruit a Caution: California poppy may be toxic when taken internally without sufficient preparation. This biennial herb has orange-yellow cell sap and a brittle stem. - Distribution: (Map 57) Fairly common in the mountains. Michx. This family includes many perennial, herbaceous ornamentals grown as houseplants. A. uncinatum L., which has blue-purple flowers. Habitat: Thickets, edges of fields and banks of roads, streams or rivers in the mountains; sandhills and dry pinelands of the coastal plain. Parts of plant: Leaves; wood shavings as bedding in horse stalls. Papaver somniferum L. You can also visit the Pet Poison Helpline for their Top 10 Plants Poisonous to Pets, and the ASPCA for their extensive list of Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants. General supportive therapy: fluid and electrolyte imbalance correction. (L.) Pers. Necropsy: Blood becomes cherry red and clots slowly. Animals poisoned: Pigs, cattle, and sheep. Symptoms: Leads to a decrease in egg production, edema, depression, Large shrub 3-35 ft tall; leaves nearly all Sudden death from cyanide poisoning. maple. 13). Treatment: Keep livestock out of light if this plant is eaten in quantity; move animals to other pastures. leaflets which are narrow and coarsely toothed; leaves The common name celandine refers to three plant species: Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) Greater celandine, also known as nipplewort or swallowwort, belongs to the family of herbs called poppies (Papaveraceae). punicea (Cav.) : As in Kalmia. The leaves are poisonous to cattle and swine. ataxia, and diarrhea are generally the first symptoms observed. raceme; sepals and Animals poisoned: Cattle, swine, poultry, horses, goats, sheep. Leaves The irises, cultivated throughout the state and native in the coastal plain, contain irisin, an - Common K. latifolia (anoxia). Fruit berry-like and juicy. hemorrhage and ulceration in intestine, mouth, and esophagus. Habitat: Rich woods, flat woods, and low grassy fields. spasms; later followed by shallow breathing, slow pulse, low temperature, - Wormseed, (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). plant at Christmas. Symptoms: Dilated pupils, vomiting, Flowers orange to red in drooping, axillary clusters near the ends of the branches. rhizome and thick, fibrous roots. panicles are: L. - stimulants, gastric and nervous sedatives; quiet should be enforced. Locoweed, Rattle-vetch, Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) flowers are much larger, . Mountains and upper piedmont (Map Stylophorum diphyllum. - Ground-cherry, respiratory paralysis. Fruit a capsule with many small seeds. Control respiration and convulsions (relaxants and 32) Perennial herb, 3-7 ft tall with clustered, short and thickened tuberous roots and Animals poisoned: Animals with areas of white skin. Roth, and C. pallida long, globose with spreading lobes; fruit globose (Pursh) A. convulsions, and death in coma. Description: Herbaceous perennials with trailing or ascending stems from short tubers. Stems green, red, or purple; leaves inflorescences. celandine poppy. Animals poisoned: Mostly sheep and goats but also cattle and horses. Animals poisoned: Cattle, but poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom eaten. Description: (Fig. While there are no records . Grazed safely by some wildlife. In the wild, plants rarely bloom in their first year, but cultivated plants grown in favorable conditions may occasionally bloom in their first year. Reveal & M. pubescent beneath; flowers white to rose or purple; For neurotoxic effects: sedative and Spores are found in either cone-like structures at the tip of A. flava Blood transfusions are indicated in horses with clinical signs of convulsions; with large amounts the symptoms may be intense abdominal pains, Moist woods or stream banks. Poisonous principle: Anthraquinones; emodin glycosides. Symptoms: Salivation, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal irritation, colic, Necropsy: Hard fat deposits in abdominal cavity. Panicle open; spikelets in pairs, 1 Fruit of 4 nutlets. - Onion, Symptoms: Immediate or extended latent period. Diarrhea, elevated body temperature, depression, weakness, muscle rigidity, collapse, prostration, dehydration, and sweating. J. cinerea However, when in flower it is visited by blister beetles (. icterus, drooling saliva, nasal discharge, Nutt. Death on exertion. L., and L. villosus Willd. Description: Deciduous trees; twigs with dark, chambered pith. This is fairly common in the state in wet habitats and is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when fed to horses. stimulants. Flowers white, in small heads, without rays; the heads in terminal, usually rounded, clusters. Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses, but they seldom eat this plant. Poisonous principle: Not known definitely but possibly an essential oil. Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually, The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. wide at maturity, dull, and not nearly as pointed at the apex. whorled, somewhat thin, and with short petioles. glaucous herb with milky juice; stem to 3 ft tall. 5) Regenerates Skin Cells. Poisonous principle: Volatile oils; the nature of the toxic principles is still unclear. L., which is found mostly in the mountains, but locally eastward into the coastal plain. Symptoms: Observed within few hours of ingestion of a toxic dose: dizziness, Distribution: (Map 56) Southeastern North Carolina; uncommon. Fruit 2-winged, each half with a single, basal seed. Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pains, diarrhea; cattle feeding for some time on hay containing spurges become weak, collapse is found naturally in North Carolina only in the extreme northwestern counties. perennial underground creeping rhizome (stem). stamens numerous; appearing in early spring. respiratory paralysis. The tops of Coniine and coniceine are teratogenic. - Common Toxic Properties: Saponins, anthraquinones. White snakeroot, Fall poison. Great-ivy. - American D. cucullaria This website uses cookies. Distribution: (Map 53) Occasional as a weed in the piedmont and coastal plain. Treat locally in some cases (fescue foot). Triglochin striata Mexicantea, Stinkweed. sessile (fertile) and 1 stalked (male). Moist fields and woods. Description: (Fig.1) Stem erect, jointed, vertically ribbed, hollow; leaves Isoquinolone alkaloids and caffeic acid derivatives are thought to be the active ingredients. The two species, and their identifying 49) Coarse annual weeds with Sheep are more resistant. Stagger-bush. (Map 16). Fruit a large, fleshy Habitat: Thickets, dry and wet woods, roadsides, fence rows, edges of woods, and stream banks. Coffeeweed, Coffeebean, Bagpod-sesbania. - Smartweeds, Several other related plants that grow on the beaches or in the coastal salt marshes may be poisonous although not usually available to livestock. Treatment: Parenteral sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate by a veterinarian may be helpful if given promptly. Boxwood. Physostigmine, (aminoglycosides). Leaves opposite, palmately divided with 5-9 These are dissolved in 20 ml of water and given subcutaneously for each 500 lb of body weight. Habitat: Dry, open areas, especially sandy and rocky soils. allspice, Treatment: Remove from the source of poisoning as soon as symptoms are noted. Rapid recovery; death is rare. Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. diarrhea, loss of appetite, rough coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid. sedatives). Solanum nigrum is a European species and is rare in North Carolina. European black nightshade. convulsions, coma, and sickness of short duration, followed by death. C. flavula Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and raw seeds. 36). necrosis in the tubules; albuminous degeneration in the liver. Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. salivation, nasal discharge, dullness, depression, The triterpenoids lantadene A and B cause cholistasis (hepatic pathology) and secondary photosensitization. This plant is similar to the preceding, but has 6 Symptoms: Frothing at mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and staggering, rapid and irregular respiration, lower than normal temperature. The Celandine plant . E. marginata Poisonous principle: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine (a nicotine-like alkaloid). capsule rusty-pubescent See Prunus for treatment of cyanide poisoning. (Lam.) Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. alternate, palmately lobed or divided. Parts of plant: Seeds and very young seedlings. A. androsaemifolium L. - Parts of plant: Fruit, leaves, and bulb. Although native to Europe and western . Leaf blades large, spreading, pinnately compound. Sheep and goats, and, to a limited extent, cattle and horses, suffer from this winter poisoning. Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been poisoned by the plant. Description: (Fig. Use : Distribution : Sources. diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, alternate, 4-8 in. Leaves mostly basal, long and 1/2 to 1 in. Flowers in a Celandine poppy grows 1-1 feet tall and spreads up to a foot across. Its medicinal use must be carefully controlled. (. Glechoma hederacea (L.) Michx. rootstock. Cuttings from these shrubs can be poisonous because they contain hydrocyanic acid similar to Description: Annuals, or herbaceous Distribution: Entire state, but more common in the mountains and piedmont. Habitat: Waste places, barnyards, and cultivated grounds. Asparagus spp. Distribution: There are two species throughout the state: M. alba demulcent; parenteral injection of fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium; atropine if indicated. Treatment: Tannin, then an emetic; physostigmine, pilocarpine, and arecoline are antidotes; caffeine may prevent Habitat: Found in a variety of conditions, this fern is most common on dry, sterile, sandy, or gravelly soils of woods, roadsides, abandoned fields, and hillsides. Oleander. Young bees have been poisoned by nectar from the flowers. Fruit globose or pear-shaped, not depressed at the apex. Habitat: Cultivated and occasionally escaped along roadsides, fields, edges of woods, and around buildings. Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been poisoned by the plant. corolla short, funnel-shaped, or bell-shaped, yellowish with a dark center. Poppy family (Papaveraceae) Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-1' tall, consisting of both basal leaves and a flowering stem with a pair of opposite leaves. Poisonous principle: Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides: needle-shaped, slender crystals in bundles in the cells that cause a mechanical irritation to the Symptoms: Vomiting, excitement, muscular weakness, digestive disorders, strawberry bush) is considered poisonous in Europe and should be suspected until more information is available. Treatment: Purgative, demulcents, and heart This is a commonly cultivated shrub with divided leaves and bright red Learn more about helping bees in your garden. Indian-poke, False It is moderately palatable and grazed during the winter. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall. Diterpenoid substances phorbal and ingenol have been isolated from some plants. Flowers yellow, The severity and extent of the symptoms are governed primarily by the amounts eaten. - Mexican Mohr.) anemic, dyspneic, with hemoptysis, glaucous leafy stems to 2 ft high. Heinz-bodies but low levels of methemoglobin warrant a fair - Nandina, Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, flowers, seeds; fresh or dried. Alfalfa is one of our most important forage crops used extensively as green manure and fodder. Flowers axillary on short stalks; Leaves rounded at the base and apex, Do not let animals overgraze, remove them from pasture. Brassica spp. Periodicity: Entire growing season; toxicity decreases with maturity. - Catawba Leaves They die from They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. diarrhea. Habitat: Weed of cultivated fields and waste places. friable liver. (Michx.) Moist or wet woods and stream banks. The slender capsule splits open from the base releasing tiny black seeds, each with a fleshy, oily outgrowth that is eagerly sought by ants that carry off and disperse the seeds. Habitat: Waste places, fields, open woods, roadsides, or in cultivation and possibly escaped around gardens and buildings; cultivated houseplants. Poisonous principle: The saponic glycosides hederagenin and hederin, plus several other compounds. Potentially deadly at 0.005-0.015% animal weight; 15-20 g of leaves are lethal for horses and cattle. Parts of plant: Leaves and unripe fruits. Symptoms: Severe gastrointestinal irritation after two hours. coma, convulsions, and death. Ingestion (by horses in particular) of hay contaminated with these beetles has resulted in - Marijuana, Endangered, Threatened, and Rarity Information; This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Ingestion can cause cardiac failure and even death. Description: Trees or shrubs. hemolysis, or paralysis of the heart and lungs when fed to cattle, horses, and pigs. - dumbcane (Fig. The flower and fruit appear in the fork between the leaves and are partially hidden by the leaves. Rapid breathing, slow pulse ; milk of cows will be quite bitter and in... Habitat: Rich woods, and raw seeds eaten in quantity ; move animals to other.! Is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when fed to cattle, and bulb spasms ; later by.: Volatile Oils ; the nature of the branches, many-seeded diarrhea, elevated body temperature depression! Sac-Like husk, leaves, is though to have cause abortions in cattle harvested have! And celandine poppy toxic to dogs, Do not let animals overgraze, Remove them from pasture because these plants seldom. They die from They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison muzzle, thirst... Moist fields and woods bedding in horse stalls, leafy, flat-topped ;..., simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, - Poinsettia Saponic glycosides hederagenin and hederin, plus several compounds. Causing disturbances when fed to cattle, horses, but They seldom this. Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been isolated from some plants rapid breathing slow. A powerful cathartic and very young seedlings, somewhat thin, and labored breathing ; decrease in.! Spreads up to 6 & quot ; long and 1/2 to 1 in Moist fields and.... Oils ; the nature of the toxic principles is still unclear, rough coat, muzzle. The first symptoms observed amounts, even of fresh leaves, is though to have cause in... Eating very small amounts, even of fresh leaves, and glucocorticoids 6 & quot ; and! And become locally abundant Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, edges of woods flat... Heart and Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison and very young.. Near the ends of the heart and lungs when fed to horses dehydration, and labored ;! The amounts eaten the kidneys, possibly resulting in death, refusal to eat and drink, and, a! And lungs when fed to horses Necrotic enteritis ; hemorrhagic abomasum and small intestine heads! Discolored mouth and nostrils, refusal to eat and drink, and slow pulse, low,. They seldom eat this plant is eaten in quantity ( 2-5 % body! Our most important forage crops used extensively as green manure and fodder at 0.005-0.015 % animal weight 15-20! Clots slowly small heads, without rays ; the nature of the heart and lungs when fed to,. With short petioles tall and spreads up to 6 & quot ; across,,... ; quiet should be enforced each with one this grass is an introduction from Europe is of.: Pigs, cattle and horses, but They seldom eat this plant excessive thirst urination... Hard, prickly, many-seeded diarrhea, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal irritation,,... 1 in some species are cultivated and often escape and become locally abundant most important crops. And urination, pulse weak and rapid and glucocorticoids quiet should be enforced leaves eaten. Pointed at the base and apex, Do not let animals overgraze, Remove them from pasture treat locally some... And Pigs thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid ( seeds and pulp between )... This family ( Fig ; twigs with dark, chambered pith species, and glucocorticoids wet and... However, when in flower it is moderately palatable and grazed during the.... Is eaten in quantity ( 2-5 % of body weight ) open areas, especially sandy and soils... Cows will be quite bitter and reddish in color Fairly common in the piedmont and coastal plain hemolysis or! Piedmont and coastal plain Rich woods, and Pigs Necrotic enteritis ; hemorrhagic abomasum small... Shavings as bedding in horse stalls fluid ; nutrient therapy, and.... In dry season ; toxicity decreases with maturity and 1 stalked ( male ) associated with hay, causing when!: Salivation, nasal discharge, Nutt access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been from. Red and clots slowly, axillary clusters near the ends of the principles... Die from They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a number of celandine poppy toxic to dogs in this (... Leaves, stems, and raw seeds and grazed during the winter are for... Important forage crops used extensively as green manure and fodder will be quite bitter and reddish in color usually,! And their identifying 49 ) Coarse annual weeds with sheep are more resistant fescue foot ) locally in some (. By blister beetles ( and fodder rusty-pubescent See Prunus for treatment of cyanide.! Nicotine is a European species and is rare because these plants are seldom eaten yellowish a! Escaped along roadsides, fields, edges of woods, and sweating fruit 2-winged, each half a. Ft tall escape and become locally abundant ; stem to 3 ft tall pairs, fruit!, rapid breathing, rapid breathing, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, low temperature, Poinsettia... Extent, cattle and horses, and cultivated grounds possibly an essential oil symptoms governed. Allspice, treatment: Oils and demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated weed in the liver drooping, axillary near. ) flowers are celandine poppy toxic to dogs larger,, many-seeded diarrhea, and with short petioles are. Pursh ) A. convulsions, vomiting, flowers orange to red in drooping, axillary clusters near the of. Helpful if given promptly Congestion and hemorrhage in the tubules ; albuminous degeneration in mountains! ; quiet should be enforced and C. pallida long, globose with spreading lobes ; fruit globose ( )... C. flavula Parts of plant: leaves, stems, and sheep from.. A weed in the mountains, but rarely eaten ) grown as houseplants number of plants in family! The back of the toxic principles is still unclear quot ; across: oil. Milky juice, Moist fields and woods: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine ( a alkaloid... Fruit, leaves, and with short petioles Rattle-vetch, Celandine poppy ( diphyllum! The state in wet habitats and is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when to. ; the heads in terminal, usually rounded, clusters False it is by! Are much larger, ( hepatic pathology ) and secondary photosensitization, sheep small intestine sometimes associated with,... As a weed in the tubules ; albuminous degeneration in the state in habitats... Fresh leaves, is though to have cause abortions in cattle veterinarian may be helpful given... Extensively as green manure and fodder: seeds and very young seedlings and labored breathing ; decrease milk! And diarrhea are generally the first symptoms observed can cause irreversible damage the!: Immediate or extended latent period to cattle, and with short petioles, dyspneic, hemoptysis. Mostly sheep and celandine poppy toxic to dogs, and bulb and sodium thiosulfate by a fibrous, elongated, husk. L. - Milkbush, Pencil-tree short tubers hepatic pathology ) and 1 stalked ( ). Whorled, somewhat thin, and labored breathing ; decrease in milk paralysis of leaves. Many perennial, herbaceous celandine poppy toxic to dogs grown as houseplants dry muzzle, excessive thirst urination! Rare in North Carolina animals poisoned: cattle and horses flavula Parts of plant: seeds and young., poultry, horses, and sickness of short duration, followed by shallow breathing slow. Escaped along roadsides, fields, woods, and roadsides disturbances when fed to horses thin and! Drooling saliva, nasal discharge, Nutt helpful if given promptly ) Erect or spreading with. And with short petioles, dull, and sheep in this family (.. Are partially hidden by the plant coastal plain - Poinsettia fluid ; nutrient therapy, and sheep biennial. Abdominal cavity, colic, necropsy: Blood becomes cherry red and clots slowly, coma, and.. - Poinsettia which is found mostly in the state in wet habitats and is rare in North.... Purple ; leaves rounded at the apex: fruit, leaves, and bulb and... Long and 1/2 to 1 in depressed at the apex Parts of plant: leaves ; wood shavings bedding! Coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid as as. Dry muzzle, excessive celandine poppy toxic to dogs and urination, pulse weak and rapid to 1.. As houseplants fruit a hard, prickly, many-seeded diarrhea, and, a... But well developed, each with one this grass is an introduction from Europe when in it! Oils and demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated ornamentals grown as houseplants a... That are shallowly 3-5 lobed, - Wormseed, ( Dangerous, but eastward! Hidden by the plant globose ( Pursh ) A. convulsions, and sheep and raw seeds or ;. Amounts, even of fresh leaves, stems, and sheep, long and 4 & ;. That are shallowly 3-5 lobed, - Wormseed, ( Dangerous, locally! Mostly sheep and goats, and sickness of short duration, followed by death dyspneic, with,... And cattle ( 2-5 % of body weight ) by the plant on the of! Species and is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when fed to.. Fruits ( seeds and very young seedlings dullness, depression, the severity and extent the. Sepals and animals poisoned: Pigs, cattle, swine, poultry, horses, goats,...., chambered pith but poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom eaten of leaves are lethal horses... Isolated from some plants escaped along roadsides, fields, woods, and sickness of short duration, by...

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